Nabia Khalid, Muhammad Usman Ahmad, Usman Farooq, Umair Asghar.
Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency in Young Smokers.
Pak J Med Health Sci Jan ;12(1):183-6.

Aim: To find out the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in young smokers and to explore its relationship with sociodemographic and lifestyle variables like age, smoking, alcohol utilization and calcium intake through diet. Methods: Total of 532 young adult smokers were included from Jan 2017 to Nov 2017. Most of the participants were young male patients visits medical outdoor of services hospital Lahore. For the purpose of multivariate regression analysis all the subject was categorize on basis of vitamin D efficiency in the serum; vitamin D efficiency (S-25[OH]D>50 nmol/L), Vitamin D insufficiency (25nmol/L sociodemographic and lifestyle variables like age, smoking, alcohol utilization and calcium intake through diet was obtained by questionnaires. Results: The incidence of vitamin D deficiency in 532 adult smokers with valid depth of S-25[OH]D and variables in questionnaire was analyzed. 206 young adult had vitamin D insufficiency, 117 had vitamin D deficiency of which 43 had severe vitamin D deficiency(S-25[OH]D<13.1 nmol/L). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was highest in male 2.03(1.63,2.93);obese adults 4.00(2.37- 4.74);smokers 1.78 (1.24,1.93); adults who use fast food once a week 1.67(1.43,2.32); and adults who never exercised was 1.13(1.03,2.56). Multinomial regression analysis confirmed that a young smoker (19-29y) had 67% increased possibility of facing vitamin D deficiency compared to a non-smoker of the equal age group (p=0.048). Conclusion: A high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was identified in young male adult smoker population. Modifiable risk factors such as smoking, preservation of normal BMI, and physical activity are all targets for improving vitamin D deficiency.

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