Rabia Safdar, Jawad Hussain Qamber, Aqsa Safder, Varda Jalil.
A Morphological study of Inflammatory Bowel Disease; Manifestatons, Incidence and Management at Different Tertiary Care Hospitals at Lahore, Pakistan.
Pak J Med Health Sci Jan ;12(3):1129-31.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease is polygenetic disease and comprises of Crohn’s Disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Its incidence is increasing in Asian countries over past many decades. Physiological and Biochemical alteration in the phenomenon of stress are also responsible for its increasing incidence. Methods : Total 50 patients were selected from Mayo Hospital Lahore, Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore, Services Hospital Lahore and Fatima Memorial Hospital Lahore over the period of 3 months by following inclusion & exclusion criteria. Data was collected and analyzed on SPSS 20.0. Results : Among 50 patients, 52% were male and 48% were females. 52% patients were in age group 15-30, 28 % in 31-45 and 20% in 46-60 year age group. The most common oral presentation was aphthous ulcer 44.4%, Lip swelling with vertical fissures was seen in 16.7%, mucogingivitis in 27.8% and cobble stoning in 11.1 % cases. 40% patients taking corticosteroid, 30% amino salicylates and 30% antibiotics. 80% of these patients were taking antibiotics intermittently. Conclusion : The rising incidence is most likely associated with the changing environmental conditions in developing countries such as with industrialization dietary habits, increased drugs intake and increasing stress.

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