Shabnam Naz Shaikh, Nailla Yousuf Memon, Saima Shaikh.
Factors associated with early menopause.
Rawal Med J Jan ;44(1):141-4.

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the frequency of factors responsible for Premature/early menopause. Setting: Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Shaikh Zaid Hospital for Women, CMC, SMBBMU Larkana. Duration of study: Six months from January 1, 2017 to June 30, 2017. Study design: Descriptive, cross sectional study. Patients and methods: A total 173 patients of Premature/early menopause with age between 40-45 years were inducted. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were defined and approval from the ethical review committee of Shaheed Mohtarma Benazir Bhutto Medical University, Larkana was taken. Patients of age between 40-45 years presenting to the gynecological OPD with complaint of amenorrhea were asked for the written consent after informing them, the objectives and methods of the study. These patients were evaluated thoroughly for the cause of amenorrhea and those in whom no cause other than the factors under study were identified and amenorrhea lasted for > 12 consecutive months, were labeled as premature/early menopause cases. Data was collected on a prescribed performs. Results: Mean age of patients was 41.60 +- 2.12 years. Mean parity was 2.02 +- 1.19 children. Mean age of menarche was 13.97 +- 1.45 years. Mean BMI of our patients was 24.07 +- 3.4 (range17.70 -36.42). About 11% menopausal women were nulliparous & obese each. History of menorrhagia & smoking was positive among about 31% women each. Use of oral contraceptives was 28.9% & tubal sterilization was 5.81%. Among all, 81.50% patients were found to have at least one factor responsible for premature/early menopause. Obesity (P = 0.013), menorrhagia (P = 0.0001), use of oral contraceptives (P = 0.0001) & smoking volume i-e; > 5 cigarettes/ day (P = 0.0001) were significantly associated with premature/early menopause. Age of women (P = 0.353), age at menarche (P = 0.531), parity (P = 0.401), tubal sterilization (P = 0.122) and smoking duration (P = 0.364) were non-significant. Conclusion: Preventing the significant factors like obesity, menorrhagia, use of oral contraceptive pills, and smoking, during reproductive age may prevent the occurrence of premature/early menopause.

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