Saima Gillani, Mohammad Salim Wazir, Iftikhar Ahmed, Seema Nighat, Faiza Akram, Nasir Hussain Shah Kazmi.
Impact of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) on the Growth of Children.
Pak Paed J Jan ;44(1):3-10.

Objective: To find out the effect of T1DM on the growth of children. Study Design: Case control study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pediatrics, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad for 12 months. Material and Methods: From a total of 130 children, 26 with T1DM were taken as cases and 104 non-diabetic children from normal population were taken as controls. In both groups height, weight and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) were recorded and percentiles of weight-for-age, height-for-age and Z-scores for height and weight were calculated. Body mass index (BMI) and BMI percentiles were calculated. Recorded data was analyzed, means were compared, cross-tabulation was done and OR was calculated to find the risk, p value was calculated by Pearson`s 2-tailed test and chi-square tests. Results: The increase in general height and weight with age was significant in both groups (p<0.05). Comparison of diabetics versus non-diabetics for means of height for age percentiles (16.95 +- 31.08 cms vs.34.45 +- 34.83 cms), height z-scores (-2.76 +- 3.24 vs.-0.91 +- 2.34), weight for age percentiles (8.76 +- 21.64 kg vs.24.81 +- 31.06 kg), weight z-scores(-3.89 +- 3.90 vs.-1.40 +- 2.36) and MUAC(15.27 +- 3.36 cms vs. 17.05 +- 2.95 cms) showed lower values in the T1DM group as compared to controls. OR was significant for height percentiles (0.350, 95% CI 0.130 to 0.942, p value = 0.03). OR for weight percentiles was 0.164 (95% CI from 0.037 to 0.735, p value = 0.009). OR for MUAC percentiles was 0.065 (95% CI from 0.012 to 0.347, p value = 0.00). Conclusions: T1DM children were shorter, weighed less and were at greater risk of developing severe malnourishment and stunted growth.

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