Mohammad Ilyas, Ambreen Naz, Fazal Wadood, Neelum Halimi, Zaid Jawaid, Parhaizghar Khan.
Randomized control trial of tramadol versus ketamine in the prevention of shivering during spinal anesthesia.
Pak J Surg Jan ;35(4):311-5.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of ketamine and tramadol in the prevention of shivering during spinal anesthesia. Material and Methods: This randomized controlled trial was conducted for a period of six months at Anesthesia Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. A total of 92 patients of both gender between the age of 18 to 60 were observed. All patients were randomly allocated in two groups (46 in each). Patients in group-A were subjected to low dose ketamine while patients in group-B were subjected to tramadol. Conduct and maintenance of subarachnoid block was same in both groups. Grade of shivering was noted down intra-operatively and up to 40 minutes after the surgery, at 15 minutes` intervals, using Crossley and Mahajan scale. All the data was analyzed with SPSS version 23. Results: 5-patients in ketamine group and 11-patients in Tramadol group have signifi - cant shivering. So ketamine was more effective in preventing shivering compared to tramadol. Conclusion: Our study concluded that low dose ketamine was superior to tramadol in preventing shivering during spinal anesthesia.

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