Shahid Ali, Sami Mumtaz, Mohammad Saeed.
Epistaxis: Etiology and management.
Ann King Edward Med Uni Jan ;9(4):272-4.

This prospective study was conducted in ENT department at Lahore General Hospital Lahore with objectives to evaluate the patients for various etiological factors and to study the effects of various treatment modalities. The most common cause of epistaxis was trauma and bleeding usually stopped by conservative measures. The most common medical condition associated with epistaxis was hypertension, which responded well to medical treatment. Nonsurgical treatment was effective in majority of our patients; surgical treatment was considered in cases of failure of non-surgical methods.

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