Nadeem Abbas, Saleem Jahangir, Shahid Rashid.
Frequency of Anxiety, Depression and Cognitive impairments in Parkinson`s Disease.
Pak Armed Forces Med J Jan ;53(2):193-7.

Aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of Anxiety, Depression and Cognitive impairments in Parkinson`s disease. One hundred patients between the ages of 40-80: both sexes (male= 88; female=12) suffering from Parkinson`s disease were included. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to detect anxiety and depression while Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was used for cognitive deficits in all these patients. Final diagnosis of anxiety and depression was made using ICD-10 diagnostic criteria. Forty eight percent of the study sample was found to be either suffering from anxiety, depression or cognitive impairments. Depression was present in 31 %, Anxiety in 7% and Cognitive impairments in 10%. This study reveals that a significant number of patients of Parkinson`s disease suffer from Anxiety Depression and Cognitive impairments. These manifestations cannot be the out come of chronic disabling disease alone but has a distinctive psychological pattern which needs further investigation with methodologically sound studies.

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