Nasera Bhatti, Jai Krishin, Matloob Azam, Mushtaq A Khan, Saeed Alam.
Etiology of systemic Hypertension in children.
J Pak Inst Med Sci Jan ;13(1):635-40.

This study was carried out to determine the etiology of systemic hypertension in Pakistani children. This is a retrospective analysis of 50 children admitted in the Children Hospital, Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences Islamabad during January 1992 to January 1994. Their ages ranged from 5 months to 13 years. Severe hypertension was detected in 45 (90%) patients. The clinical and laboratory evaluation revealed secondary hypertension in 98% of cases. Renal disease remained the most common cause of secondary hypertension affecting 92% of our patients. Sixty four percent of the children had some form of glomerulopathy including acute and chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome and hemolyticuremic syndrome. Reflux nephropathy (12%) and various forms of obstructive uropathies (12%) affected significant number of children in this series. Non-renal conditions included central nervous system infections (4%), and neuroblastoma (2%). One (2%) eleven-year-old boy was found to have essential hypertension.

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