Arif Parvez, Rasul Bakhsh Bikak, Farakh A Khan.
Upper Urinary tract stones; Study of risk factor in Quetta city.
Professional Med J Jan ;8(2):236-43.

This study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, Bolan Medical College, and Quetta from January 1991 to December 1991. Thirty adult patients, both males and females of upper urinary tract stones (Group-1) compared with those of 17 age matched controls (Group-2) from Quetta city were included in this study. Mean age of Group-1 was 30.63 SD 3.58yrs and of Group-2 was 28.62 SD 2.60yrs. Mean serum calcium level of Group-1 was 9.56-mg/100 ml SD 0.7 and of Group-2 was 8.8-mg/100 ml SD 1.30, which was significant (p<0.05). Mean 24 hours urinary excretion of calcium in Group-1 was 287.79mg (SD 181.29) and in Group-2 was 187 mg (SD 88.91), which is significant. Mean serum uric acid was 5.37 mg/dl (SD 1.66) in Group-1 and 5.40 mg/dl (SD 1.52) in Group-2 which is non significant. Mean 24 hour urinary excretion of uric acid in stone patients was 424.31 mg SD 142.16 and in normal subjects was 314.29 mg SD 173.49 (significant at p < 0.05). Stone formers had a mean 24-hour urinary out put of 1336.7 ml SD 773.83, while non-stone formers had a mean out put of 1129.41 ml SD 512.36, which is not significant. Mean pH of freshly voided urine of Group-1 had 6.24 SD 0.78, while in Group-2 had 6.12 SD 0.38 and was not significant. Economic status and family history of both groups were also analyzed.

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