Iftikhar Ahmad.
Raised blood cadmium in Cigarette Smokers, A risk factor for Coronary Heart Disease.
Pak Armed Forces Med J Jan ;46(2):62-3.

Blood cadmium level was determined in cigarette smokers and non-smokers. The cadmium levels were significantly raised (2.27 ± 1.6 ug/L) in cigarette smokers as compared to non-smokers (0.41 ± 0.22 ug/L). The rise in cadmium level in cigarette smokers seemed to be a reversible phenomenon as cadmium was found to be in normal limits in ex-smokers, who quitted from smoking for more than 12 months. The determination of blood cadmium level allows objective assessment of smoking habits and may be an excellent tool for monitoring the effect of smoking in epidemiologic studies.

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