Arif Maqsood Ali, Ayaz Hussain Qureshi, Shahid Rafi, Sajjad Hussain Mirza.
Changing frequencies and current status of Multiple-Drug Resistant Typhoidal Salmonellae in year 2001-2003 at Rawalpindi.
Infect Dis J Jan ;14(1):3-6.

Background: Typhoid fever is endemic in developing countries. Multiple drug resistant (MDR) typhoidal salmonellae are on the rise worldwide. We carried out a study in our setup to determine the changing frequencies of typhoidal salmonellae and to highlight their current antibiotic resistance patterns. atients and methods: The study was carried out on 15611 blood samples of admitted patients with febrile illness from 2001 to 2003. The blood culture samples were subcultured on Blood Agar and MacConkey Agar. Non lactose fermenting colonies were identified for typhoidal salmonellae and confirmed by using API 20E galleries and standard serological methods. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using Modified Kirby-Bauer disk-diffusion method on Mueller- Hinton Agar. Results: A total number of 333 isolates of Salmonella typhi and Salmonella paratyphi A were isolated from blood samples. Multidrug resistance was found in 172 (51.65%) isolates. The combined frequencies of MDR Salmonella typhi and MDR Salmonella paratyphi A decreased from 55.14% in year 2001 to 31.25% in year 2003 showing a decreasing trend. No Salmonella paratyphi B and Salmonella paratyphi C were isolated in our study. None of the isolate was resistant to ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and ceftriaxone. Conclusion: From 2001 to 2003, a changing trend in frequencies of MDR typhoidal Salmonellae and reemergence of Salmonella typhi has been observed as compared to Salmonella paratyphi A. Ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and ceftriaxone are the drugs of choice for MDR typhoidal Salmonellae.

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