Yasmin Bhurgri, Asif Bhurgri, Sania Nishter, Ashfaq Ahmed, Ahmed Usman, Shahid Pervez, Rashida Ahmed, Naila Kayani, Ahmed Riaz, Hadi Bhurgri, Imtiaz Bashir, Sheema H Hassan.
Pakistan - Country profile of cancer and cancer control 1995-2004.
J Pak Med Assoc Jan ;56(3):124-30.

The National Cancer Control Program (NCCP) evolved as a part of the National Action Plan using evidence-based strategies for prevention, early detection, treatment and palliation as advised by WHO. The magnitude of cancer burden was assessed with the help of the sample data of Karachi South (1995-1997), as published in Cancer incidence in the five continents (CIV) volume VIII, and cancer estimates for Pakistan in Globocan. Time trends in cancer were measured in 2 periods. 1995-1997 and 1998-2002. Geographical variations were analyzed on the basis of the joint Karachi Cancer Registry (KCR) and Aga Khan University, Cancer Surveillance for Pakistan (ACSP), data. In the 1995-1997 data, the most common malignancies (ASR per 100,000) in males were lung (21.3), oral cavity (14.2), urinary bladder (9.0), and larynx (8.8). the cancers in females were breast (53.1), oral cavity (14.5), and ovary (10.9). The data 1998 to 2002 showed a rising incidence for lung (25.5), larynx (11.8), and urinary bladder (9.9) in males and breast (69.1), esophagus (8.6), and cervix (8.6) in females. The mean age of cancer all sites was 51.2 years (95% CI 49.4:53.1) male; 50 years (95% CI 48.2;52.4) females in 1995-1997. Corresponding rates for 1998-2002 were 49.5 years (95% CI 47.5;51.4) in males in 53.7 years (95% CI 51.5;55.6) in females. Histological confirmation remained 97%, with 47.1% presenting in grade II or I; 65% presenting as stage III and IV. This is a review article.

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